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Cererea formulatã de debitorul cedat privind restituirea unei sume de bani achitatã A.V.A.S. în baza unui contract de cesiune de creanţã, prin care Ministerul Finanţelor Publice a cesionat A.V.A.S. creanţa pe care o avea faţã de societatea debitoare, sumã de bani nedatoratã, se încadreazã în dispoziţiile art. 45 din O.U.G. nr. 51/1998 care se referã la „cereri de orice naturã” privind drepturi şi obligaţii în legãturã cu activele preluate de A.V.A.S., cereri supuse unui termen special de prescripţie reglementat de art. 49 alin. (1) de 6 luni de la data la care s-a cunoscut, sau trebuia sã se cunoascã faptul sau actul pe care se întemeiazã (Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie, Secţia a II-a civilã, decizia nr. 2928 din 4 octombrie 2011). -
In the above study the author reviews the terms of contentious appeal – according to various assumptions regulated by Law no. 554/2004 against the urban planning certificate, appraisals or agreements served for the issue of the building permit by relevant authorities in the field of environment protection and water management. Key words: urban planning certificate; appraisals/agreements for the issue of the building permit by relevant authorities in the field of environment protection and water management; legal requirements; applicable laws. -
Potrivit art. 145 alin. 12 lit. f C.pr.pen., organul judiciar care a dispus mãsura preventivã a obligãrii de a nu pãrãsi localitatea poate impune învinuitului sau inculpatului ca pe durata mãsurii „sã nu exercite profesia, meseria sau sã nu desfãşoare activitatea în exercitarea cãreia a sãvârşit fapta”, şi anume sã nu-şi exercite atribuţiile de primar (cu notã criticã). -
Article 322 section 5, second phrase of the (Romanian) Code of Civil Procedure provides that review of a final and binding decision in the Appellate Court or non-appealed and of a ruling passed by a court of last resort upon merits called forth may be requested „whether, following the rendering of the decision, a court order which grounded the decision under review claimed was abated or amended.” The author, in light of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, considers that the purport should be interpreted narrowly. Accordingly, the scope of Article 322 section 5, second phrase of the (Romanian) Code of Civil Procedure may cover uncertified court orders exclusively (referred to as binding) because only these can be amended / abated under appeal or recourse, and not judgments passed within right of review procedures such as review or appeal for annulment, on account of complying with the principle of legal certainty. -
The paper aims to bring some clarifications regarding the typicality as an essential feature of the offence, as it is reflected in Article 15 of the Criminal Code. In fact, the paper begins by noticing that the typicality or providing the deed in the criminal law was the first of the essential features of the offence identified by the representatives of the Classical School. At the same time, it notes that, if initially typicality included only the objective requirements of the offence, now it is admitted to have a wider content, including both objective and subjective elements, as well as anti-judiciality elements. Through his study, the author brings some doctrinal explanations about the notion of typicality. -
The present study addresses a topic surrounded by increasing heated debate in the Romanian legal jurisprudence, namely the legal regime of the exception of unconstitutionality and the impact of such legal instrument on ensuring the constitutional order. The first part of the study explores the citizens’ access to constitutional justice, as designed both in the American model and in the European model. Further, the solution adopted in the Romanian constitutional system, as part of the European model of constitutional justice, is outlined. The analysis subsequently deepens the configuration of the a posteriori constitutional review in terms of setting forth the distribution of attributions with respect to this type of review as well as the nature, content, effects, and legal regime of referrals to the Constitutional Court of Romania dealing with exceptions of unconstitutionality.
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The study has as subject olfactory pollution and it aims to outline first that this type of pollution is far from being a mere discomfort that most sensitive people feel acutely, because unpleasant odours, miasmas, are proof of some chemical substances with harmful effects on the human body. Then, the article shows that while the number of public complaints is steadily increasing, the regulations – national, foreign, European – still have a timid and anaemic nature. From the results of the researches it follows, first, that the olfactory pollution is related to the wider theme of air pollution, which as an essential element of life (and therefore to us people!) must meet a number of conditions expressed by: temperature, humidity, purity, chemical composition. These conditions must lie within the limits of tolerance of the human body and of existence of the fauna and flora; due to natural phenomena, as well as to human activities, in the modern society, air has undergone major changes materialized either in the change of concentration of some natural compounds or in the penetration of some elements unknown to this environment, radioactive substances, chemical substances resulting from human activities, the air thus becoming the „garbage dump” for all gas or gaseous wastes produced by the living. Therefore, we are talking about a polluted air, not just when it is manifested by the presence of substances other than the natural composition of the air, but also when their quantity makes it unsuitable for the fulfilment of its roles. Starting from here, for the specialists in different fields, the notion of „polluted air” will have different meanings; thus, for the physician, the air is polluted when the concentration of unknown substances reaches harmful levels for the human body, while for industrial technologist, concerned with corrosion, when the pollutants reach concentrations that alter the structure and operation of plants.
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PPPs, structured under Project Finance Standards, form a system determined by a normative complex organized by subsystems and interacting and interdependent elements conditioned by a process of control and communication. This systematic nature has an effect on the legal configuration of the content of the PPP contract. It was shown that financing depends, on the one hand, on budgets that condition it and, on the other, it acts as a determinant of other elements of the system, so that there is a close relationship between the financing of the project and the challenge of contractual management. The correspondence between the components of the project finance system is of reciprocal conditioning and is determined by the communication between its parts.
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Analiza problematicii invocate în titlu vizează atât considerentele, cât, mai ales, dispozitivul Deciziei Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție nr. 52/20181, pronunțată de instanța supremă în complet constituit pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept și care vizează interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 27 din Codul de procedură civilă. În concret, Înalta Curte a statuat următoarele: „În interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 27 C.pr.civ., cu referire la articolul 147 alin. (4) din Constituția României, efectele Deciziei Curții Constituționale nr. 369 din 30 mai 2017 se produc cu privire la hotărârile judecătorești pronunțate după publicarea acesteia în Monitorul Oficial al României, în litigiile evaluabile în bani de până la 1.000.000 lei inclusiv, pornite ulterior publicării Deciziei (20 iulie 2017)”.
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Înalta Curte reține că aprecierea asupra incidenței în cauză a Deciziei nr. 369 din 30 mai 2017 a Curții Constituționale nu încalcă principiul egalității în fața legii ori pe acela al nediscriminării cetățenilor aflați în situații juridice similare și nu reprezintă o denegare de dreptate, ci este consecința principiului aplicării în timp a efectelor juridice pe care o astfel de decizie le dobândește de la momentul publicării ei în Monitorul Oficial al României, fără încălcarea neretroactivității, un alt principiu constituțional. Atunci când hotărârea judecătorească nu se circumscrie sferei de aplicare a unei asemenea decizii nu înseamnă că prin aceasta se încalcă drepturi procesuale fundamentale, ci se procedează la respectarea unor principii și norme imperative, general obligatorii, menite tocmai să asigure garanții procesuale la care recurenta-pârâtă face referire.
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By the Decision No 369 of 30 May 2017, the Constitutional Court has declared as unconstitutional the phrase „as well as in other cash assessable claims worth up to ROL 1 000 000 inclusive”, included in Article XVIII (2) of the Law No 2/2013 on some measures to relieve the courts, as well as for preparing the implementation of the Law No 134/2010 on the Civil Procedure Code and has stated that „all judgments pronounced after the publication of this Decision in the Official Gazette of Romania, in the applications that are assessable in cash, less those exempted according to the criterion of matter, shall be subject to review”. Subsequently, the High Court of Cassation and Justice, by the Decision No 52/2018, has established that „the effects of the Decision of the Constitutional Court No 369 of 30 May 2017 are produced in respect of the judgments pronounced after its publication in the Official Gazette of Romania, in the litigations assessable in cash up to ROL 1 000 000 inclusive, initiated after the publication of the decision (20 July 2017)”. -
The solution given by the Constitutional Court of Romania through its Decision No 358/2018 on the legal conflict of a constitutional nature between the Minister of Justice and the President of Romania, regarding the possibility of revoking the Chief Prosecutor of the National Anticorruption Directorate, as a result of which it acknowledged a „power of decision” on the part of the Minister of Justice on prosecutors’ activity, is based on the interpretation of the constitutional text provided by Article 132 (1), according to which public prosecutors shall carry out their activity under the authority of the Minister of Justice. This particular legal provision was interpreted by the Constitutional Court by applying the historical interpretation method, by expressly referring to the will of the original constituent, from which it could not digress without exceeding the limits of its interpretation operation and thus interfering with the law making process, in the Court’s opinion. But what are the limits of legal interpretation? How did the Constitutional Court justify its option for the historical interpretation approach? Is this historical interpretation static or dynamic, evolutive kind? Could the constitutional text have been interpreted from an evolutive perspective? But even so, did the Court make a just historical interpretation of the constitutional text? What are the solutions envisaged and how can the Constitutional Court fulfil its rightful role in a rule of law state?
