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The Labour Code (Law No 53/2003) was radically amended by the Law No 40/2011. One of the amendments and supplements brought to the Code was the rephrasing of Article 31, respectively, in addition to the trial period, it was regulated, only for the graduates of higher education institutions, a probation period (of 6 months) at the beginning of activity in their profession, with an additional specification that the modality of performing the probation period would be established by a special law. In this respect Law No 335/2013 on performing the probation period for higher education graduates has been recently adopted in order to regulate the probation contract. In this study the author makes an analysis – partly critical – of this last-mentioned law. -
Rail freight contract in the Republic of Moldova’s Law is that contract by which the State Enterprise „Moldova Railways”, via a regional subdivision as carrier, undertakes in return of shipping charges (tariff) to transport within a given period, to watch over and to release the goods arrived at the railway station of destination to the person whose name is mentioned on the consignment note. Rail freight contract is a variation of contract for carriage of goods in general. Therefore, based on its legal regulation there are two categories of legal rules: general – the rules of the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova and special – the rules of the Rail Code of the Republic of Moldova and other subordinate legal regulations. Special Rule enjoys priority over the general rule. The railway is a system of state concern, being monopoly enterprise within the territory of the Republic of Moldova. All railway territorial subdivisions are subordinated to the railway central government. In turn, the consignor may be a public or private legal entity or a natural person that submits merchandise to be carried for personal needs. The law does not require special conditions for shippers. Shippers individuals have the right to carry goods for personal needs, family, household and other non-related to the entrepreneurial activity. In this case, they shall be treated equally to all customers and shall be granted all rights under consumer protection legislation. -
In this study there are analyzed the issues raised by the conclusion and performance of the electronic contracts, also having in view that the cyberspace where they are located has no borders. There are examined, by turns, the regulation of the electronic contract (1); the notion of electronic contract, the notion of electronic means, the classification of electronic contracts (2); the formation of the electronic contract (3); the proof of electronic contract (4); the delocalisation of the electronic contract and its significance for the international trade law (5). -
For the Romanian legal system, the case law does not have the quality of a formal source of law. However, the legal reality, viewed also from a historical perspective, has demonstrated the essential role of judicial practice in the interpretation and application of the law, in building argumentative practices, in clarifying the will of the legislator and discovering the less obvious meanings of legal norms and, last but not least, in the unification of legal thinking and practice. That is why case law, along with doctrine, is an important component of the Romanian legal system. Starting from these considerations, in this study we aim to emphasize some aspects of the role of the constitutional case law in shaping and even in the development of some principle s of law. We emphasize in particular its contribution to the emergence and development of the constitutional review of laws, as well as to the edification of principles of law. We mainly analyze the role of judicial practice in the construction of the principle of proportionality in constitutional law, of the principle of equality and the interference between the principle of proportionality and the principle of equality. In this sense, we support the role of the case law not only in the correct interpretation and application of constitutional norms, but also in their construction, in discovering the existing normative meanings most often only implicitly in the formal expression of the legal norm of the above-mentioned constitutional principles. Thus, the case law in constitutional matters is not limited to the interpretation by classical methods of the norms of the Fundamental Law, but has an important contribution to the clarification and construction of some principles of law, to the constitutionalization of the entire legislative system and of judicial practice of all courts of law -
La sfârșitul anului 1871 a fost creată „Societatea juridică” – cea dintâi societate juridică românească. În același an, joi, 16 decembrie, avea să vadă lumina tiparului primul număr al revistei „Dreptul” (la acea dată ziarul „Dreptulu”) – cea mai veche publicație juridică existentă în România zilelor noastre. -
In this study, the author, after presenting some brief considerations on proportionality as a principle of law, presents the theoretical foundations of proportionality, as they are reflected in the Romanian legal doctrine. Finally, the author proposes that, in prospect of future revision of the Constitution of Romania, it must be established, in its very first article, that „the exercise of the state power must be proportionate and non-discriminatory”. -
This study first analyzes the amendments brought to the offence provided in Article 141 of the Law No 8/1996 by the Law No 187/2012. The author emphasizes the non-correlations of the incrimination with the moral copyrights which it protects, as well as the lack of clear and precise wordings, which should exclude any ambiguity in the drafting of the incriminating rules. The analysis of the offence provided in the special law is connected to the provisions in the matter contained in the Criminal Code, as well as to the doctrinaire opinions expressed in the field. The critical remarks expressed by the author concerning the meaning of legal rules are intended to be impulses addressed to the legislator to correct the drafting of texts, in order to achieve the desideratum of compliance with the requirements of accessibility and foreseeability of the law for its addressees. -
This study undertakes the analysis both of the amendments brought to the offences provided in Article 140 of the Law No 8/1996 by the Law No 187/2012 and of the common and specific aspects which characterize, in the author’s opinion, these offences. The author examines the amendments to the offences evoked by their connection to the legal provisions in this matter, contained in the general part of the Criminal Code. At the same time, the paper emphasizes the common aspects regarding the scope, the subjects and the constitutive content of the offences presented, as well as the specific aspects relative to the special legal object and to the material element of these offences. The study presents the doctrinal points of view, as well as the author’s remarks and de lege ferenda proposals in the analyzed area. -
As a result of the increase in the number of attacks of the specimens of wild game species listed in the Annexes №. 1 and 2 of the Law №. 407/2006 on hunting and wild game protection, with subsequent amendments and completions, resulting in injury or death of an individual, given that wild game specimens are managed under the special law, the Romanian legislator was obliged to regulate liability for damages thus caused, responsibility that lies with the central public authorities responsible for hunting and/or the central public authorities responsible for the environment. Our research addresses this form of liability as a novelty in the landscape of Romanian law, with all the range of effects it generates, in the sense of highlighting its special character in relation to the common law regulation of tortious liability of objective type, in terms of calculation of the material and moral component of the damage created as a result of the attack produced by a specimen of the wildlife species on a human, an attack capable of causing injury or even death of the victim. We critically analyzed the text of Article 131 of Law №. 407/2006, with subsequent amendments and completions, considering, as a final conclusion of the study, that it is necessary to reform it as a matter of urgency, all the more so as there are serious doubts about the content of the regulation regarding the observance of the principle of constitutional rank of non-discrimination, as well as its concordance with the values of the ECHR, even in the context in which the state, as a subject of law, has been recognized the possibility of capping different types of compensation. -
The idea of this study has been inspired by obviously modest doctrinaire concerns in connection with the analysis of the legal regulations dedicated to the legal protection of „databases”. In fact, in the specialized literature, as a rule, the approaches usually do not exceed the level of reproduction of the regulations in the field or the subject is simply avoided. Probably this situation is determined, mostly, by the redundant style of wording the provisions of Articles 1221–1224 of the Law No 8/1996 on copyright and neighbouring rights and the provisions of Directive No 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the legal protection of databases. This normative situation should represent the spring of some normative doctrinaire measures deeply studied and it should by no means demobilize the analysis of the problems in the matter. -
The study is devoted to the systematic analysis of the provisions of the Law No 8/1996 on copyright and neighbouring rights devoted to the legal status of the computer programs. The analysis is also carried out by considering the internal regulations in relation to those of the Directive of the Council of the European Communities No 91/250/EEC on the legal protection of the computer programs. Specifically, the object of the analysis covers aspects such as: the definition of the computer programs; their legal nature; the elements of the computer programs subject to legal protection and those that elude this protection; the copyright holders in case of computer programs; the rights resulting from the creation of the computer programs; the capitalization of patrimonial rights in the case of computer programs. -
Further to the steps taken by the author in order to contribute to the study of the regulations in the field of legal protection of the „intellectual creation”, this study is devoted to the analysis of the definition, the substantive conditions and the reasons for refusal or for cancellation of the registration of the trade mark, especially in relation to the provisions of the Law No 84/1998 on trademarks and geographical indications and of Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks. Where it has been necessary, de lege ferenda proposals have been grounded in order to improve the regulations devoted to the discussed aspects.
