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S-a împlinit anul acesta un deceniu de când primul articol al Legii nr. 51/1995 pentru organizarea și exercitarea profesiei de avocat1 a fost completat prin Legea nr. 255/20042 cu un alineat suplimentar – (3) –, text care, coroborat cu art. 5 alin. (4) din Statutul profesiei de avocat3, interzice constituirea și funcționarea de barouri în afara Uniunii Naționale a Barourilor din România (în continuare, U.N.B.R.), actele de constituire și de înregistrare a unor astfel de entități fiind considerate nule de drept4. -
În prezent, de peste un deceniu, problematica organizării și exercitării profesiei de consilier juridic, precum și a statutului acestei profesii este reglementată prin trei acte normative, și anume: – Legea nr. 514/2003 privind organizarea și exercitarea profesiei de consilier juridic1; – Statutul profesiei de consilier juridic2 (în continuare, Statutul – n.n.); – Regulamentul privind recunoașterea calificării profesionale de consilier juridic a cetățenilor statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene sau aparținând Spațiului Economic European, în vederea admiterii și practicării acesteia în România3
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Elaborarea acestui scurt studiu de reformă vine într-un moment deosebit: în luna septembrie 2014 se împlinesc 10 ani de când au intrat în vigoare legile din pachetul de reformă a justiției care au schimbat covârșitor modul de organizare și de funcționare a justiției românești. Eu sper că această schimbare este și ireversibilă.
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Prin natura sa, omul reprezintă cea mai complexă și dinamică expresie a vieții. Știința și religia, încă și acum, în contemporaneitate, își dispută apartenența nașterii sau creației divine a acestuia. Credem că acum are loc cea mai mare schimbare a mentalității, prin acceptarea unei singure perspective asupra genezei noastre, ceea ce constituie revoluția în evoluția creației umanității. Justiția privită din perspectiva conceptului este abstractă, însă ceea ce îi conferă viață este judecătorul.
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If, from the sociological point of view, business criminal law exists, its scope varies from one author to another, failing to determine which view is correct and which one is not. Business Criminal Law merely reflects the complexity of social relations and the difficulty to clearly separate distinct human activities. We may consider that business criminal law is addressed to professionals in the economic area and appears as a right of synthesis, regrouping common law criminal offences (theft, fraud, breach of trust, etc.), indictments in the field of economic criminal law or financial or tax criminal law and, naturally, indictments in the field of commercial criminal law.
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The article’s author attempts to identify and customize various approaches on the groundlessness or illegality of the procedure to request and issue audio and video interception and recording releases, both within the criminal procedure field and within the national security field, suggesting a fortiori customized penalties or remedies - where appropriate –. The purpose of the analysis is to eliminate any mistakes or even abuses that may occur during the approval of hidden research means mentioned above, as well as to guarantee everyone’s right to respect for private and family life.
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As a sanction for non-compliance of obligations incumbent upon the convict during probation, revocation of the conditional suspension of penalty execution is governed by provisions of art. 83 and 84 of the Criminal Code in force. In recent years, legal practice of law courts in Romania are increasingly raising the question as to the deadline revocation of conditional suspension in case of non-compliance of civil responsibilities may be claimed; additionally, law courts embrace a different approach on the subject of procedural background in terms of admissibility of a claim as such. Taking our stand upon these premises, the review hereby aims to clarify some issues that, amid a weak legal framework, generated inconsistent case law in court activities, along with the above mentioned matters, while high interest was taken into consequences of probation period completion during the case trial. On the strength of a systematic review of relevant provisions in the field, and of a scrupulous comparative analysis of provisions set forth in the new Criminal Code and the new Criminal Procedure Code, the article highlights different cases brought to courts’ attention, the author considering that the claim’s enunciation and obtaining the revocation decision should occur before the probation period is completed and, implicitly, prior to the moment the convict’s rehabilitation de jure supervenes.
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The overview hereby analyses provisions of the Supreme Court’s decision no. III/2002, which regulates interpretation and uniform application of provisions of art. 2151 in the Criminal Code regarding the crime of embezzlement committed by the landlords’ or tenants’ association manager in his capacity as employee. The author substantiates, however, that provisions of decision no. III/2002 may not be applicable to managers employed with landlords’ or tenants’ associations lacking legal entity status, whereas these associations may not enter into individual employment contract, which is why the manager is not employed and therefore, not a civil servant, and, likewise, it may not be applicable to managers employed with landlords’ or tenants’ associations on the strength of legal agreement, whereas, in default of an individual employment contract, they are not employed and therefore, not civil servants.
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The emergence of Decree-Law no. 24/1990 led to conflicting interpretations on the period of application, with no specific provisions in this respect. This prompted the article’s author to appeal to the general principles of criminal law in interpreting the law hereby.
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The present paper aims to advance a number of shortcomings of current views on the Criminal Law’s Special Part and to argue in favor of a new concept, prescriptive and integrating, more appropriate to highlight both connections between the two parts of criminal law and between the said law and other fields of law, and the true object of study of law, namely legal judgments (or “value judgments”)
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This article aims to analyze weight of the assessment report in customizing punishment. The author brings forward a number of theoretical, introductory approaches, which positions the reader within the relevant framework in understanding the tackled topic, including a brief history of customizing punishment and the assessment report, but also a number of legal issues.
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In this study, the author reviews the issue of pilot cases before the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR praetorian jurisprudence, hardly known), insisting also on the most important pilot cases filed with the Court’s jurisdiction, focusing thereupon on the Romanian Case, related to pilot cases’ new procedure, especially on the subject of property restitution.
