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In this case study, the authors analyze a less common situation in the judicial practice, namely the one of the confirmation of the judicial administrator, in so far as the judicial control court admits the appeal of the creditor that had requested by means of an application for summons the appointment of another insolvency practitioner. The institution of judicial control finds its legal basis in Article 129 of the Basic Law, according to which against the judgments, the parties concerned and the Public Ministry may exercise the legal remedies, under the terms of the law. The provisions of Article 501 of the new Civil Procedure Code give efficiency to the above-indicated constitutional text, given that, without the binding nature of the judgments pronounced by the judicial control court, the purpose of control and, finally, the well-grounded and legal settlement of the cases would not be achieved. -
In this article the author aims to analyze, from a constitutional point of view, the content of Article 24 of the Basic Law. The right to defence is a universal right enshrined in the most important international documents that have guaranteed, after the end of the Second World War, the suite of human rights and freedoms inherent and essential to human dignity. There would be no right to defence if there wasn’t a corollary right, the right for everyone to go to court, asking for justice when another person has violated their legitimate rights and interests. The society, the State has the same indictment right when a person violates the social values protected by a criminal law. In addition to the traditional justification for the regulation and protection by the State of the right to defence, its guarantee in a democratic society is also a requirement to respect a fair trial, in which the parties (plaintiff and defendant) must enjoy equal conditions for supporting their claims or defence. In other words, every accused person is entitled to defend itself and prove to the judge the inconsistency of the accusing evidence against him.
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The judicial practice, including that of the Supreme Court, reveals difficulties in applying the sanction of nullity, in particular in case of virtual nullities. In this context, the author shows that it is necessary an applied analysis of the theory of nullity, in order to establish a staging of the judicial approach undertaken for applying this sanction. An interdisciplinary approach for the purpose of establishing the role of the condition of injury in such approach contributes to the avoidance of the confusion of the virtual nullity with the relative one.
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By a thorough critical study of the provisions of the Law No 8/1996 on copyright and neighbouring rights, the author notes that this Law does not provide an explicit definition of the notion of „work” (of intellectual creation). That being so, in this study, after a legal and linguistic analysis, the author gives in advance his own and complete definition of the notion of „work” (of intellectual creation). The following are further examined: the categories of intellectual creations which do not constitute, however, „works” within the meaning of the Law No 8/1996 and, finally, the substantive conditions for the legal protection of „work” (of intellectual creation), concluding that, under the mentioned aspects, it is required the improvement of some wordings and regulations included in the mentioned law. Key words: work (of intellectual creation); legal regulation; definition of the notion; intellectual creations which do not constitute „works” within the meaning of the Romanian legislation; substantive conditions for the legal protection of the „work”.
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The problems of compulsory licences in the matter of patents has received a unitary regulation with the signing of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights – TRIPS Agreement. Likewise, the Doha Declaration (Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health) is an important legal reference point because it clarifies a number of practical aspects relating to the compulsory licences in the matter of new medicines both in terms of the production for the domestic market and the import of such products. In the context of the sharp rise in the prices of new medicines, as well as of the constant pressure on the public health insurance budgets, the mechanism of compulsory licences may represent for the patients a new way of access to the new innovative medical therapies. This article discusses the international and European legal framework, with a special focus on the legal regime of compulsory licences in Romania. There are also examined the experiences of other countries in this field, the way of determining the remuneration due to the patent owner, as well as the usefulness of these practices for Romania.
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The article analyzes the changes brought in the matter of approval of the application for enforcement. In the Civil Procedure Code of 1865, the enforcement court had jurisdiction over the approval of the application for enforcement. By the Law No 459/2006, this jurisdiction has been changed and the power to approve the application for enforcement has been recognized to the court executor. By the Decision of the Constitutional Court No 458/2009, this change was declared unconstitutional and it was restored the approval of the application for enforcement by the enforcement court. By the Law No 134/2010, that is the new Civil Procedure Code, it has been preserved the approval of the enforcement by the enforcement court, however, by the Law No 138/2014, it was restored the form declared unconstitutional. Therefore, we have considered as being predictable the admission of the plea of unconstitutionality of the provisions of Article 666 of the Civil Procedure Code, by the Decision of the Constitutional Court No 895/2015. Following the Decision of the Constitutional Court No 895/2015, it has been adopted the Government Emergency Ordinance No 1/2016, which reinstated to the jurisdiction of the enforcement court the approval of the enforcement applications. In our opinion, the legal and correct solution is the approval of the enforcement by the enforcement court.
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The regulation (Article 227) of the new Criminal Procedure Code has a partial correspondent in the provisions of Article 146 paragraphs 8 and 111 and Article 1491 paragraphs 9 and 12 of the previous Criminal Procedure Code (1968). The authors analyze the institution of rejection of the proposal of preventive arrest of the defendant during the criminal prosecution, presenting some critical issues and proposing some improvements to the new regulation.
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In this study, the author has chosen to present and to analyze the offence of abandonment of family, provided in Article 378 (1) c) of the Criminal Code, because, with the stabilization of the judicial practice after the entry into force of the Criminal Code, it has been established a new outlook in respect of the approach of the constitutive elements of the offence and a clarification of the controversial aspects with regard to establishing the ill-intention of the offender.
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The direct action is a means to settle debts, created in order to protect privileged creditors. Thus, such action must be expressly provided by law. With regard to the lease contracts, the new Civil Code brings a new element, regulating the right of the lessor to hold the sub-lessee liable for the payment of the rent or for the failure to enforce the contract. As the right conferred to the lessor represents a new element within the Romanian doctrine, there is a necessity to perform an extended study of the direct action derived of the lease contract. This study tackles a general analysis of the direct action of the lessor against the sub-lessee from the perspective of the new Civil Code. Furthermore, there are references within the text regarding the old stipulation in relation to the new one. Last but not least, there will be constant references to the French doctrine as well as to the de lege ferenda propositions for the amendment of the texts within the new Civil Code.
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Faptul că, în cadrul acțiunii în revendicare promovate anterior intrării în vigoare a Legii nr. 10/2001, pârâții au invocat în apărare prevederile art. 45 alin. (2) din acest act normativ, precum și buna-credință de care ar fi dat dovadă la încheierea contractelor de vânzare-cumpărare, nu reprezenta un argument suficient pentru ca instanța să treacă la analiza fondului acestei apărări, după ce aceeași instanță stabilise că legea, în conținutul căreia se regăsește textul de care se prevalau pârâții, nu are incidență în cauză, având în vedere data promovării acțiunii și opțiunea reclamantei, de a continua judecata în condițiile dreptului comun, aspecte ce relevă caracterul contradictoriu al considerentelor hotărârii atacate, fiind astfel incidente dispozițiile art. 304 pct. 7 C.pr.civ. -
The conditions of appointment of the General Prosecutor and of his deputies have been one of the most disputed topics in the matter of regulation of the status of the Public Ministry. Wishing to give the parties concerned the opportunity to clarify the problem the authors have elaborated a summarizing study on the regulation of this matter in the Member States of the European Union.
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The regulation (Article 226) of the new Criminal Procedure Code has a corresponding regulation in the provisions of Article 1371 paragraph 1 and Article 1491 paragraphs 9–11 of the previous Criminal Procedure Code (1968), with an exception: the duration of the remand on custody will no longer be deducted from the duration of the preventive detention. The authors analyze the institution of admission of the proposal of preventive detention of the defendant during the criminal prosecution, by presenting some critical aspects and by proposing some improvements to the new regulation.
