The article presents the nullities in the Criminal Procedure Code and supports the necessity to regulate the virtual nullities through a common provision, allowing the appeal court to cancel the sentence of the court of first instance and to send the case back for re-examination to the court whose judgment has been cancelled, when the challenged sentence is annulled and the court examining the merits is required to give another sentence.

This study deals with the delicate problems of infringement of the provisions of the Constitution of Romania by the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code governing the legal regime of the action in cassation, an extraordinary means of appeal. The author of the study notes that the analyzed norms are not in agreement with the principles written in the Basic Law, invoking in support thereof, for identity of reason, the grounds of the Decision No 485 of 23 June 2015 of the constitutional contentious court.

This article tries to bring into discussion the topic of naval laws throughout the last decades and, especially, the issue of safety on ship. Naval ship safety assurance is the process that provides confidence and it refers to the well-functioning of the ship, personnel, third parties and property. The most important aspect of this topic includes the Law from February 1907, followed by the Decrees No 40/1950 and No 443/1972 and the Law No 191/2003. In this article, the author has chosen to give a brief description of the naval legislation that is respected in our country and to analyze the differences between it and the international norms regarding the same aspect.

In this paper the author has proceeded to a brief examination of the European normative act adopted in March 2016, which regulates the presumption of innocence and the right to be present at the trial within the criminal procedures, both rights being circumscribed to the right to a fair trial provided in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The study also makes a comparative examination which has in view how these rights of the suspect or of the accused are protected in the Romanian law, also expressing some critical opinions as concerns the European normative act. The elements of novelty consist in the examination made, as well as in the comparative analysis and the critical opinions expressed.

To say that man is the supreme value of a democratic society and of the state of law is a partly true statement. This is because it is known that, in the long period in which the principles of the constitutional democracy and of the state of law have been affirmed in the social practice, no human society succeeded in fully providing the individual with the full extent of its political, social, economic, cultural or religious value. Even in the states considered, without reservations, to be democratic there have been and still are threats to the physical and mental integrity of the individual from some state authorities and even indifference for the individual’s life. In fact, this actually explains that the constitutional utterances according to which „the right to life is guaranteed”, „the dignity and the personality of the individual are supreme values”. The existence of a rule of law and, more so, of a rule of constitutional rank, which affirms and enshrines in normative models the importance of man as supreme value of a socio-political community, proves that the compliance with this value still remains a standard, a requirement imposed on everybody as model of social behaviour.

The author advocates for expanding the admissibility of the special contestation for annulment and for eliminating the errors of judgment, i.e. for the non-compliance with the legal provisions and the incorrect assessment of the factual situations (illegality and groundlessness of the judgments challenged). In order to support this opinion, the author resorts to the grammatical interpretation of the phrase „material error”, invokes the ECHR case law and the comparative law. He also proposes, in addition, the reintroduction of the action for annulment (in cassation), which has as object to correct the errors of judgment and which will have an essential role in unifying the judicial practice.