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The institution of administrative disputes in the matter of the ordinances or of the provisions of ordinances established as unconstitutional, as well as of the constitutional and legal regime thereof is less analyzed in the specialized literature and debated in the judicial practice from Romania. In this context, this study intends to make an analysis of the most controversial aspects related to the applicability of the institution of administrative disputes in this matter, as well as of some aspects referring to the particularities of exercising the action for administrative disputes against the ordinances or against the provisions of ordinances established as unconstitutional by the Ombudsman. -
Within this study the authors intended to analyze the situations in which it can be promoted the action for damages by separate means under Article 19 (1) of the Law No 554/2004 on the administrative disputes and the moment of running of the one-year time limit within which this action can be promoted, having in view that the law does not establish precisely this moment, and the case-law offers various solutions adjusted to each case solved. Starting from these premises, the authors have proceeded, on the basis of the legal provisions in the matter and of the apparently non-unitary case-law solutions, to the systematization of the working hypotheses and to the elaboration of some objective criteria, legally substantiated, in order to determine the moment of running of this procedural time limit. -
The author, having in view a recent controversy in the Romanian doctrine of labour law, resumes the analysis and reaches the following conclusion: • According to the Romanian Labour Code, the legal institution (of labour law) of the temporary labour contract (Article 88 of the Labour Code) is separate from the legal institution of posting (Article 45 et seq. of the same Code); • Conversely, the employee who, according to Article 88 of the Labour Code, has concluded with his employer a temporary labour contract, in order to be hired out to a user undertaking from another Member State of the European Union, has the status of posted employee, within the meaning of Directive 96/71.
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The proposed study aims, in particular, at questionable normative aspects concerning „the action for nullity of the registration of the trademark” in the regulation of the Law No 84/1998 on trademarks and geographical indications. In fact, contrary to the reference that some texts of this law make to „the nullity of the registration of the trademark” or to „the cancellation of the trademark”, the nullity has as object the „administrative legal act of the State Office for Inventions and Trademarks of registration of the trademark”. Likewise, it argues on the uselessness of some rules devoted to this action at law.
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In this study, the authors present a commentary of Article 145 of the Constitution, referring to the independence and the irremovability of the judges of the Constitutional Court. It is presented, in detail, the normative will of the Constituent Assembly on the status of the constitutional judges, the content of their independence and the irremovability which was conferred to them by the constitutional text. The judges of the Constitutional Court have at their disposal a legal framework, of constitutional rank, which guarantees their independence and irremovability and which, at the same time, imposes restrictions of professional nature. Within the same study, the authors also present the problems of the disciplinary and criminal liability of the constitutional judges, as well as the legal regime of immunity which they enjoy, according to the Law No 47/1992 on the organization and functioning of the Constitutional Court.
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The article analyzes the cassation recourse, which is an extraordinary judicial remedy in the criminal trial, a reformative and devolutive judicial remedy, in principle a non-suspensive of enforcement and extensive judicial remedy. The purpose of the cassation recourse is to ensure a uniform practice at the level of the entire country. In order to achieve this purpose, the legislator has expressly provided the reasons for which a cassation recourse may be promoted, the jurisdiction for settlement, the subjects for which the possibility to exercise the judicial remedy is recognized and the solutions which the court can pronounce. The usefulness of the cassation recourse is fully emphasized, given the fact that the recourse would no longer exist within the Romanian criminal procedure system subsequently to the entry into force of the new Criminal Procedure Code.
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It is of interest both from theoretical perspective and mostly from practical perspective to raise for discussion and, furthermore, to propose some solutions for some controversial issues related to succession law, as well as to settle a conflict of laws in time. Therefore, in this paper there are emphasized some of the facets which the temporal conflict of laws can take, in the matter of inheritances, and there are expressed some points of view, which could be of interest to the practitioners, determining them to reflect on this topic.
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In this study, the author examines the problems of regulating the violations of private life by Article 74 of the current Romanian Civil Code (the Law No 287/2009, republished), in light of the relevant case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and of the Romanian courts, coming to the conclusion that the mentioned legal text judiciously summarizes the indicated case-law.
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Competența teritorială de soluționare a acțiunii având ca obiect constatarea valabilității unei convenții încheiate cu privire la un imobil și pronunțarea unei hotărâri care să țină loc de act autentic [fiind vorba deci despre o acțiune personală imobiliară, prin care reclamantul tinde la valorificarea unui drept personal, respectiv dreptul de creanță corelativ obligației de a face, urmare antecontractului încheiat cu privire la acel imobil] nu se stabilește potrivit art. 117 C.pr.civ., aplicabil exclusiv acțiunilor reale imobiliare, ci potrivit dispozițiilor de drept comun ale art. 107 C.pr.civ., conform cărora cererea se face la instanța domiciliului pârâtului. Însă, întrucât aceste norme sunt de competență relativă, nesocotirea lor poate fi invocată pe calea excepției de necompetență numai de către pârât și numai până la prima zi de înfățișare, în caz contrar instanța sesizată rămânând competentă să judece litigiul, ca urmare a decăderii pârâtului din dreptul de a invoca o excepție relativă, excepție pe care instanța nu are dreptul să o invoce din oficiu. (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Secția I civilă, Decizia nr. 842 de la 13 martie 2014) -
Regulile de concurență prevăzute de Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene2 au menirea de a proteja relațiile comerciale și piața internă. Întrebarea la care răspunde studiul de față este: cine este destinatarul normelor concurențiale la nivelul Uniunii Europene? Răspunsul, deși aparent este unul foarte scurt și se referă la întreprindere (și asociațiile de întreprinderi), totuși ascunde o doctrină bogată și o jurisprudență generoasă a Curții de Justiție a Uniunii Europene. În cele ce urmează, vom analiza noțiunea de întreprindere, care are o anumită sferă de aplicare în dreptul concurențial al Uniunii Europene, cu scopul de a determina care sunt jucătorii principali vizați de normele care protejează concurența pe piața internă.
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La data de 20 octombrie 2014, Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție (ÎCCJ) – Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept a soluționat trei cauze cercetând „problema de drept ce formează obiectul acțiunii privind caracterul discriminatoriu al dispozițiilor cuprinse în Ordonanța de urgență a Guvernului nr. 9/2013 privind timbrul de mediu pentru autovehicule, aprobată cu modificări și completări prin Legea nr. 37/2014, cu modificările ulterioare, în raportare la dispozițiile comunitare cu care intră în conflict”1 și „dacă dispozițiile art. 4 din Ordonanța de urgență a Guvernului nr. 9/2013 privind timbrul de mediu pentru autovehicule, aprobată cu modificări și completări prin Legea nr. 37/2014, și ale art. 1 alin. (2) din Normele metodologice de aplicare a Ordonanței de urgență a Guvernului nr. 9/2013 privind timbrul de mediu pentru autovehicule, aprobate prin Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 88/2013, se interpretează în sensul că timbrul de mediu se datorează și în situația transcrierii dreptului de proprietate asupra unui autovehicul rulat provenit de pe piața internă a cărui primă înmatriculare a fost anterioară datei de 1 ianuarie 2007”2.
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In this article there have been examined comparatively the provisions of the law in force and those of the previous law, by emphasizing the elements of similarity and of distinction between the two regulations. Likewise, the author has critically examined the provisions of Article 336 (1) of the Criminal Code, also making in this regard de lege ferenda proposals designed to determine the amendment of the current provisions. The de lege ferenda proposal aims to the legislator's abandonment of the provision according to which the moment of consummation of the offence is identified with moment of taking the biological samples, motivated by the fundamental difference existing between the two moments, especially with regard to the criminal liability. The paper can be useful to the legislator, in the light of the suggested amendments, to the practitioners, as well as to all those who show concerns in this field.
