The doctoral studies consist of two components developed under the guidance of a doctoral coordinator, namely a training programme based on advanced university studies, as well as an individual scientific research programme. The doctorate is finalised with the public presentation of a paper elaborated by the doctoral student. The doctoral thesis must demonstrate to have the advanced scientific knowledge of the topic addressed, must contain elements of originality in the development or solving of the topic, as well as modalities of scientific validation thereof. In order to fulfil the condition of public presentation of the doctoral thesis it is required an evaluation both from the guidance commission within the doctoral school and from the commission of public presentation of the doctoral thesis within the doctoral school. Evaluation is a complex process, which has as finality to form the belief that the doctoral studies have achieved their purpose by certifying the merit, value, meaning of the respective paper. The failure to comply with good conduct in research, including the plagiarizing of the results or publications of other authors, producing results or replacing the results with fictitious data, brings about the failure to obtain the agreement of public presentation of the paper. The legal nature of liability for violating the rules of deontology in the preparation of doctoral thesis is diverse, from the disciplinary liability to the criminal liability.

The relation between the civil servant and the public authority or institution in which he occupies the public office arises and is exercised on the basis of the unilateral administrative act of appointment, issued according to the legal provisions, and not by a contractual act. That is why the public function and the status of the civil servant have been regulated in the public law, separately from the labour relations specific to the private law, at the same time also determining the establishment of a specific sanctioning system, which takes into account the distinctive features of the way in which the public office is exercised. In this study there are analysed, from a dual perspective, theoretical and practical, the conditions of each form of the legal liability governed by the administrative law. At the same time, we also consider the cumulation of the disciplinary liability with other forms of legal liability of the civil servant for the damaging consequences of his deeds. A few aspects of novelty brought by the codification of the legislation on the liability of the civil servants in the Draft Administrative Code complete our research.

Throughout more than 150 years of constitutional history in Romania, the Romanian constitutions have provided the modality of engaging the liability of the ministers for their activity. This article aims to make a brief analysis of how it was regulated the liability of ministers in the various constitutions which Romania has adopted over time and of the relation between the political and legal liability of ministers in the Romanian law, starting from the practical realities of recent years. Although, traditionally, in the constitutional law it is made a clear distinction between the political and legal liability, in practice, the boundary between the two types of liability is questionable, especially from the perspective of the legal classification of these types of liability. If the political liability is considered to be that liability of ministers before the Parliament for their political activity which may result in the loss of confidence and the removal from the office of minister, the legal liability has in view how a minister should bear the consequences of the law, by his prosecution and indictment.