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This study was occasioned by the different manner in which the National Council for Solving Complaints and the courts have construed the laws under which the successful tenderer in the public procurement procedure is granted a right of access to a court, often bringing adverse procedural consequences. Although the jurisprudential solutions analyzed were delivered under the old procedural rules, we find that the latest amendments made to both the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006 and the Code of Civil Procedure were not a remedy for the deficiencies noted, as the ambiguity of the laws stating that the successful tenderer can be party to the administrative jurisdictional procedure, namely party in a complaint to the court, is a source of legal uncertainty. -
This study proposes a broader specialists’ examination of the scientific work represented by the computer program, and particularly of its usage agreement. Law no. 8/1996 regulations on copyright and related rights concerning the computer program usage agreement were investigated in relation to the rules provided for in same law and established for the patrimonial copyrights capitalization agreements and to the provisions of the Civil Code (Law no. 287/ 2009) and of the new the Civil Procedure Code (Law no. 134/2010). The paper contains the legal literature prevalent views on the computer programs usage agreement and the author’s views about some aspects of the analyzed agreement, leaving open path for research, from various perspectives, of particularly complex and evolving legal issues in the matter.
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Article 7 paragraph 1 of the Law no. 554/2004 regarding Administrative Litigation regulates the “preliminary procedure”; therefore, the establishment that, before addressing the administrative courts, the prejudiced person in his/ her own right or interest (usually by an individual administrative action) shall require the issuing authority (or the superior authority, if any) the (in whole or in part) rescission of the action, within 30 days from the notification date of the action concerned. As the “preliminary procedure” issue presents some peculiarities in the matter of the construction permit [covered by Law no. 50/1991 on the authorization of construction works (republished on 13 October 2004)], the study’s author, examines on the one hand, in detail, the issue of the “preliminary procedure”, and on the other hand, presents the peculiarities mentioned above.
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According to the Romanian legislation in the field, which existed prior to the entry into force of the new (Romanian) Code of Civil Procedure (15 February 2013) and labor addressing conflicts (disputes), the tribunal was usually the first instance court having jurisdiction to hear and the court of appeal had jurisdiction only on a single remedy at law (the appeal). After the entry into force of the new Code of Civil Procedure (Law no. 134/ 2010, republished on 3 August 2012), the situation has changed in that against the sentence of the first instance court (the tribunal) there is (except for the revision) a single remedy at law i.e. the appeal (within the Court of Appeal jurisdiction), appeal which is an ordinary, devolutive remedy at law. In this study, the authors analyze this situation stressing that, in principle, is the better for the parties to have nothing but the appeal (besides the revision) as remedy at law, instead of solely the recourse.
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In this study, the author carried out an analysis of the provisions of Article 200 of the new (Romanian) Code of Civil Procedure, which thoroughly regulates the checking of the application for summons subsequent to the registration and adjustment thereof (should it not include all the necessary data).
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Art. 1 of the Romanian Labor Code states that its provisions shall apply to employment relationships, and the legal literature established that the employment relationship arises mainly from the employment contract between the employees and their employers. Law no. 52/2001, which regulates the casual work performed by the day laborer, by way of derogation from the provisions the Labor Code, provides that an employment relationship is established between the labor beneficiary and the day laborer, but an employment contract (which, according to Article 16 of the Labor Code requires written form) is not concluded. As the Court of Justice of the European Union decided in the Land Tirol Case that workers performing occasionally work, even for a single day, fall within the scope of the Framework Agreement on temporary work, and the Albron Catering BV decision stated that between the “employment contract” and “employment relationship” terms there is a relation of subsidiarity, the employment relationship of workers who provide occasional work must produce the same effects, in terms of the concerned person’s rights, with those of an individual employment contract Is concluded that Community legislation conferring rights to workers who have a employment contract or an employment relationship under the national law in force must be construed and enforced in accordance with the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, with regard to the relationship between the employment contract and the employment relationship.
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This study aims to identify ways to reflect in the special law (Law no. 72/ 2013) some genuine civil law guiding ideas, lato sensu, and some principles applicable to the relationships between professionals, but also the extent to which the application of these principles to the cases envisaged by the legislator in the special regulation referred contributes to the purpose of the law concerned. -
The new Romanian Civil Code (Law no. 287/2009, republished) contains a new concept, namely the sanction of clauses deemed unwritten, which are incident to all areas covered by the Civil Code. In this study, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of this new concept, concluding that we are faced with an autonomous sanction. Although it has an autonomous nature, with regard to its legal system, the author believes that this autonomous sanction is, by analogy, subject to the rules for invalidity.
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A “natural right” being most profoundly democratic not only retained, despite the historical vicissitudes, its intrinsic moral values, but due to the constant and firm “juridicization”, in another historical ambience, has increased these values and the implications of their valorization, while granting plenary sense to the contemporary “rule of law”, ensuring above all - according to the beautiful and meaningful saying of a historical figure - the protection of the “powerless people in front of power”: the right to request the assistance of a judge or the right of access to a judge. Article 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure recalls us that right, but unfortunately, as it does, requires again to make any effort for the consistent and undoubtedly useful understanding from the social point of view of its purposes.
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The study hereunder examines the ways of exercising the autonomy of will and the reflection of the principle of freedom of contract in civil procedural law. As freedom of contract, like any other freedom in fact, is not absolute or unlimited, the author quests the ways in which, within the framework of civil procedural law institutions, there are covered and operate certain assumptions which may constitute limits to the freedom of contract. In this perspective, we shall have in view institutions such as legal contracts, mediation or arbitration. -
Dispozițiile art. 9 lit. b) din Regulamentul CE nr. 44/2001 aratã cã un asigurator care are domiciliul pe teritoriul unui stat membru poate fi acționat în justiție în alt stat membru, în cazul acțiunilor intentate de cãtre deținãtorul poliței de asigurare, asigurat sau un beneficiar, în fața instanțelor de la locul unde este domiciliat reclamantul.
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The author highlights the manner in which the observance of fundamental rights enshrined and guaranteed under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is ensured by the national constitutional rules and the main provisions of the Civil Code, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as by domestic judicial courts that interpret and apply the domestic or European law, on a case-by-case basis. At the same time, the study also presents the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union relevant in the matter of ensuring access to justice, the right to a fair trial, as well as the relationship between EU law and the national law relating to judicial organization. In this regulatory and jurisprudential framework, the author considers that compliance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union moves toward being enforced by national courts, along with the (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
