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Currently, under the increasingly intense and diverse interactions between countries, due to the unprecedented mobility of individuals, in space, or to the dynamics of public international law, as such, (for example, in international human rights or international criminal law) the theoretical model that governs the relationship between international law and domestic law has become a topical one. In addition, the existence of several supra-state forms of cooperation, such as the European Union, bring into question the relationship that is being established, on the one hand, between the law of those forms of cooperation and the Member States' national law and, on the other hand, between the former and general international law. In this paper I will discuss the relationship between international law and Romanian domestic law, as regulated by Romania’s organic and constitutional provisions and taking due account of Romania’s EU membership. The paper is structured in three sections corresponding to the general theoretical approaches to the matter (Section II), the legal, institutional and scholars’ approaches (Section III) and conclusions and de lege ferenda proposals; the latter will address both the content of the regulations, as well as some aspects of legislative technique (Section IV). -
In the study with the above title, the author examines specifically the problems of the current regulation of the protection of competition on the internal market of the European Union, through the control of concentrations of undertakings, in the light of the provisions included in the Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of the concentrations between undertakings.
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The pre-contractual obligation to inform is one of the ethical instruments meant to ensure the durable and effective maintenance of the contract (contractual durability principle), a requirement which has acquired a considerable development owing to its functions: preventing a possible failure as concerns the maintaining of the durability and the effectiveness of the contract and building a contractual relation based on the active presence of the contracting parties. The provision of sufficiently accurate information will lead to making a decision to conclude or not the contract in full awareness of the facts. It is designed to extend also to the phase of contract performance, allowing the parties to think more deeply about the commitments they will make. But, in the pre-contractual phase, of negotiations, the future contracting parties only begin building a durable trust, which is achieved through dialogue and collaboration and which has normally extended also to the phase of performance of the contract. The pre-contractual obligation to inform tends to engage other legal means as well in order to come to decision-making in full awareness of the facts and in order to build, at the same time, a „bond of trust” intended to extend in time. Therefore, it is obvious the need to generalize this obligation, thus strengthening the coherence of rules (principle of coherence), this being achieved both by way of extending the application of the requirement of „good faith” and by special express rules specific to each category of contracts.
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This study falls within the so much present problems of civil liability of professionals for malpractice. Starting from the arguments of a jurisprudential solution concerning the lawyer’s liability for the damage caused to the clients or to the third parties, the article intends to present the regulation, the special conditions, the legal nature and the foundation of this hypothesis of liability. By her conclusions the author supports the idea that the civil liability of the lawyer is a separate and autonomous professional civil liability.
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Pursuant to Article 127 (1) of the new (Romanian) Civil Procedure Code, „If a judge has the status of plaintiff in an application for which the court where he pursues his activity has jurisdiction, he shall refer the matter to one of the courts of the same level located within the district of any of the courts of appeal neighbouring the court of appeal in whose district the court where he pursues his activity has jurisdiction.” After making a general analysis of the text, the author, contrary to some opinions expressed in the doctrine, considers that, for identity of reason, the text applies accordingly, and not only if the indicated situation exists in first instance, but also if that situation exists in appeal or in recourse, and this is for: identity of reason.
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The article deals with the problems of suspension of judgment by the Romanian court based on Article 413 (1) point 1 of the Civil Procedure Code, on the grounds of the existence of a judgment pending before a foreign court.
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Considered by the authors of the Civil Code of 2009 a „traditional reality in Romania”, currently the engagement has become a „legal reality”, being regulated by Articles 266–270 of the Civil Code. Without „applauding” or „disavowing” the appearance of this unusual legal institution, we find that the reactions of the specialised literature have remained at their „first steps”. However, they are mostly marked by theses from the French doctrine as well, provided that, paradoxically, the French Civil Code, even if it defines the engagement (Article 515–8), does not devote to it other legal rules as well. Wishing to be a contribution to the „continuing effort of interpretation”, this study is based, primarily, on the logical and legal, systematic and systemic analysis of the provisions of Articles 266–270 of the Civil Code.
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Modalitatea de dobândire a dreptului de proprietate asupra rețelei de distribuție a energiei electrice, prin edificare sau construire, pe un teren despre care reclamantul nu susține și nu dovedește că ar fi proprietatea sa, pentru a se putea prevala de accesiune și de prevederile art. 492 C.civ., nu se înscrie printre cele prevăzute de dispozițiile art. 644–649 C.civ. și nici de alte reglementări legale specifice domeniului de referință, pentru a dovedi calitatea de proprietar asupra respectivei rețele a unei persoane fizice care nu deține nici licență și nici capacitate energetică. În acest caz, pentru a putea reclama prerogativa de a-și exprima acordul la racordarea terților la rețeaua electrică, reclamantul trebuia, în lipsa oricărui titlu, să învestească instanța cu o acțiune în constatarea calității sale de proprietar asupra rețelei electrice, cu atât mai mult cu cât această calitate îi este contestată de partea adversă. (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Secția a II-a civilă, Decizia nr. 2476 din 27 iunie 2014) -
Prezentul comentariu este generat de o notă critică la Decizia nr. 3915/2013 a Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție, Secția a II-a civilă, pronunțată în Dosarul nr. 2342/111/20071, notă critică publicată pe site-ul Juridice.ro, în „Revista de note și studii juridice”, la data de 15 august 20142.
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In the matter of cases of application of the measure of preventive arrest, as in the case of other institutions, the new Romanian Criminal Procedure Code contains new regulations and takes over, in a limited extent, some provisions of the previous Criminal Procedure Code (of 1968). In this study, the authors analyzes the institution of preventive detention, with special reference to the cases of application of this measure, by presenting some critical issues and by proposing some improvements to the new regulation.
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This article presents the new criminal provisions relating to the cancellation and revocation in the cases of waiver of application of punishment, postponement of application of punishment and the suspension of the execution of the punishment under supervision. The author also proposes a new mechanism for the application of punishment if there is a concurrence between a cause of cancellation and one of revocation of the postponement of the application of punishment or of the suspension of execution of punishment under supervision.
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Given the importance that cybercrime is acquiring, the author has appreciated as being necessary to make an analysis on the applicability of self-defence and state of necessity in the context of cybercrime. Having as premise the necessity of justifying the retaliation in the virtual environment, the author has attempted to identify arguments in order to support the thesis according to which the self-defence and the state of necessity may find their applicability including in this area. Beyond analyzing the problematic issues related to this topic, we have tried, therefore, to emphasize the hypothetical situations in which a cyber (digital) attack is likely to give an outline to the state of self-defence or to the state of necessity.
