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This study focuses on the analysis of a rule of incrimination included in Article 190 of the new Criminal Code of Romania and entitled „killing at the victim’s request”. Naturally, the monographic research of this rule is set within the broader framework of the phenomenon of euthanasia, a phenomenon often subject to heated controversies in the criminal legal doctrine and that receives differentiated approaches brought by the multidisciplinary perspective they generate. -
The person entitled to succession is the person that has the freedom to choose between the acquiring of the title of heir, by accepting the succession, and the denial of such quality, by waiver. The two sides of the successoral option – acceptance of inheritance and waiver of inheritance – both in their sense of subjective rights and in the sense of legal acts must be appreciated and understood in correlation with other notions and institutions, in the first place of the law of succession, and also belonging to other matters of civil law. In this context, there are presented some aspects of regulating the successoral option, which have been interpreted otherwise by doctrine or which have the potential for controversy, among others, as a result of shortcomings in phrasing of some texts of the Civil Code or by failing to observe some relationships they have, as mentioned above, with other legal notions and institutions.
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This study provides a detailed and systemic analysis of the provisions of Article 358 of the Civil Code referring to the partition of common assets jointly owned by the spouses during the community matrimonial regimes. More specifically, it is analysed the possibility to extend the provisions of Article 358 of the Civil Code also over the partition of per-shares common assets of spouses, as well as the applicability of the provisions of Articles 669–686 of the Civil Code within this partition. Likewise, there are distinguished the elements of continuity and those of novelty of the present regulation, referring to the partition of jointly owned common assets during the community matrimonial regimes, in relation to the regulation previously established by Article 36 (2) of the Family Code. Finally, there are expressed some critical opinions in connection with the provisions of Article 36 of the Law No 71/2011 implementing the Law No 287/2009 on the Civil Code referring to the application in time of the provisions of Article 358 of the Civil Code.
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In this paper we intend to determine if the legal regime applicable to the superficies consisting in the right to build on the land of another is different from that prescribed for the superficies established on an existing building. Although it defines it in Article 693 (1), as a form of the right of superficies, the Civil Code does not contain provisions with special reference to the exercise of the superficies consisting in the right to build. Only in the event of ending of this special superficies due to the expiry of its duration, Article 699 (1) and (2) of the Civil Code provides for a regime derogating from the general rules of artificial real estate accession. In these circumstances, the powers of the superficiary who acquired the right to build on the land of another were indirectly inferred from the restrictive provisions contained in Article 695 (2) of the Civil Code, applicable to the superficies established on an existing building. The conclusion we reached is that, when superficies takes the form of the right to build, the superficiary enjoys a preferential treatment compared to that applied to the one who has acquired a superficies on existing buildings. This regime remains favorable in case of ending of the right of superficies due to the expiry of its duration, based on the special rules derogating from the general ones regulating artificial real estate accession established as a result of the ending of the superficies. The common rules applicable to both forms of the right of superficies were not tackled in this paper.
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The author makes an analysis of the stages preliminary to judgment of the appeal ex novo in the view of the new Civil Procedure Code, of the legislation implementing this Code, as well as of the Internal Rules of the law courts, debates the issue of regularization of the application for appeal ex novo and the incidence in the appeal ex novo of the provisions of Article 200 of the Civil Procedure Code. At the same time it is subject to analysis the issue of the law applicable in matters of judicial stamp duty after the entry into force of the Government Emergency Ordinance No 80/2013, concerning the applications for appeal ex novo submitted after 29 June 2013 in trials initiated during the period when in the matter of the judicial stamp duty the Law No 146/1997 was in force.
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The Labour Code (Law No 53/2003) was radically amended by the Law No 40/2011. One of the amendments and supplements brought to the Code was the rephrasing of Article 31, respectively, in addition to the trial period, it was regulated, only for the graduates of higher education institutions, a probation period (of 6 months) at the beginning of activity in their profession, with an additional specification that the modality of performing the probation period would be established by a special law. In this respect Law No 335/2013 on performing the probation period for higher education graduates has been recently adopted in order to regulate the probation contract. In this study the author makes an analysis – partly critical – of this last-mentioned law.
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În funcție de întinderea efectelor juridice pe care le produc, actele administrative se clasifică în acte normative și acte individuale. Încadrarea unui act infralegislativ într-una dintre cele două categorii mai sus arătate nu se realizează prin „decuparea” unor dispoziții din acel act, afectând în acest mod caracterul unitar al acestuia, ci prin examinarea integrală a conținutului său, prin prisma trăsăturilor fiecăreia dintre categoriile în discuție (acte normative și acte individuale). Cu alte cuvinte, un act administrativ este fie normativ, fie individual, în funcție de întinderea efectelor juridice pe care le produce ca întreg, indiferent de conținutul concret al unei părți (de exemplu al unei anexe) a acestuia. (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Secția de contencios administrativ și fiscal, Decizia nr. 1718 din 26 februarie 2013) -
The study has mainly in view the involuntary hospitalization of a person with mental disorders as a civil protection measure, as regulated by the Law on mental health and protection of persons with mental disorders No 487/2002, republished. In order to complete the characterization of this measure, the paper has also approached the aspects concerning the protection of the person suffering from mental disorders and that are governed by the Civil Code, but also by the new Criminal Code and the new Criminal Procedure Code.
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In the practice of the courts in our country the punishment imposed for the offence of unintentional killing is, in most cases, imprisonment with suspended execution, even in the situations where the guilt rests solely on the offender or when there are several victims, a fact which can call into question the manner in which the principles governing the individualization of punishments are implemented, whereas, by imposing excessively lenient punishments, in relation to the seriousness of the facts, the desideratum concerning the educational and preventive role thereof is not achieved.
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The institution of appeal in the interest of law has the role of unitarily ensuring the interpretation and implementation of law by courts of law. The legal nature of this procedure is not determined only by the criminal and civil normative provisions governing it. This study argues that this institution is constitutional in nature because, under the Constitution, the High Court of Cassation and Justice has the power to ensure the unitary interpretation of law by the courts of law. There are analyzed the consequences of the constitutional nature of this institution, the limits of obligativity of the settlements of matters of law given by the High Court of Cassation and Justice by means of the decisions ruled in these proceedings, as well as the ratio between the decisions of the Constitutional Court and the decisions of the High Court of Cassation and Justice respectively, ruled for a solution on the appeals in the interest of law. Recent case-law of the Constitutional Court reveals new aspects regarding the possibility of verifying the constitutionality of decisions ruled on this matter.
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The author intends to make a synthesis of the main amendments brought by the legislator to the civil liability institution, by adopting the present Civil Code, also analyzing the main sources of inspiration underlying the new regulation. The chosen approach is a comparative one, the civil liability institution being analyzed both from the perspective of the Civil Code of 2009 and of the Civil Code of 1864. The study aims to emphasize that the new regulation is a codification of the doctrine and of the case-law, in a necessary attempt to adapt the Romanian legislation to the soft-law standards of the European Union in this matter, as well as to the other international regulations.
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The interdiction of the pignorative contract is a traditional solution for the Romanian law and corresponds to a real need to protect the debtor. However, this study attempts to prove that the solution is presently in disagreement with the legislative policy established by the new private normative order that encourages the diversification of the guarantee mechanisms. Presently, the function of this prohibition would rather be a theoretical one, not to affect the classical physiognomy of mortgage in the continental law system; but, in a legislative system which expressly establishes legal figures such as the sale with repurchase option or the sale with reservation of title and which seems to allow lawful transfers as a security measure, the interdiction becomes formal and it excessively complicates the situation of the participants in the legal circuit.
