The autonomous collaterals are regulated, for the first time, by the new Civil Code, within the personal collateral, together with the parent guaranty. The law allots them a small portion, equally essential and simple, so that they may have substance and legal identity. But their legal regime can be essentially revealed through the extension of the analysis to the regulations in the field. The uniform rules for demand guarantees constituted by the International Chamber of Commerce from Paris and the Convention of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with respect to the independent guarantee and the stand-by letter of credit. The present paper analyses the legal regulation, the concept and the legal category of the autonomous collateral. The author’s objective is that of revealing its complexity as a legal fundamental instrument in the field of internal and international business.

The current article examines the issue of the monitoring of the general revenues of the fixed assets (owned by the debtor), by the creditor according to the regulations included in Art. 789-801 of the new (Romanian) Civil Procedure Code (Law no. 134/2010), as compared to the appropriate provisions of the old (Romanian) Civil Procedure Code from 1865, which was successively republished in 1900, as well as in 1948. All in all, as it is only natural, usually, the new regulations are usually, as it is only natural, obviously superior to the previous ones.

The author analyses crimes such as “Not helping a person who is in need” and “Preventing help” from the new Penal code, revealing, if the case may be, the similarities and differences as compared to the effective penal law. The last part of the article contains elements of comparative law, with reference to the approached theme.

Sometimes, the deed provided by the penal law was perpetrated in the context of certain states, situations or specific circumstances, which grants it this legitimacy, and under these conditions, one removes one of the essential features of the crime, namely the unjustified nature. The category of the justification causes, which lead to the removal of the essential feature of the crime, consisting of the anti-lawfulness nature also includes the exercising of a right or the fulfilment of an obligation. In order to be deemed as justification, the perpetration of the penal deed must, usually, originate in a normative act, while the consequence of the perpetration of the penal deed must not be the consequence of the abusive exercising of that right. The author of the article shows that the fulfilling of an obligation removes the anti-lawful nature of the penal deed if the obligation is provided by the law, and if the deed is perpetrated within the limits regulated by it. The unjustified nature of the penal deed is removed, and the perpetrator acts so as to fulfil certain obligations imposed by the competent authority, on condition that the order or command is given by a legitimate authority, is mainly given in writing, and it must not be obviously illegal.

The new Romanian Civil Code (entered into force as of 1 October 2011, in Art. 1368 (1) provides that “the lack of judgement does not exempt the author of the prejudice from the payment of a compensation to the victim as many times as the person who, according to the law, was entitled to supervise them, cannot be made liable”. Against certain opinions expressed in the doctrine, the author believes that the foundation of such a liability is exclusively the equity, not a form of civil liability.

The issue of the assigning of the public purchase contracts, of the public works or services assignment contracts is regulated, in Romania, by the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006, which has entered into effect in June 2006, and then it was successively amended and completed, through 14 Emergency Ordinances or Laws. In the current study, the authors analyse the recent amendments and completions of the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006 through the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 76/2010 (approved, with amendments, by Law no. 278/2010) with regard to jurisdiction (to the complaints solving procedure by the National Council for Solving Complaints in the field of the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2006). For this purpose, the authors analyse the main amendments in the field, making, as the case may be, positive or negative appreciations.

While discussing if the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy students (those enrolled in the undergraduate programme, day classes) may, during their university studies, conclude individual labour contracts with other employers, the author reaches the following differentiated conclusion, namely: The students of the Police Faculty of this Academy cannot hold any public or private position, except for the teaching positions within the teaching institutions, of the scientific research and literary-artistic activities, taking into account Art. 10 (4) and Art. 45 (i) of Law no. 360/2002 (The policemen’ statute). The students of the Firemen Faculty and those of the Archive Faculty can, during the studies, conclude individual labour contracts with any employer, on condition that this does not affect the honour or dignity or deontology of the stature of public clerk of military employee.

The correlation between parliament and democracy is a classical one. It has been proven not only by the beginnings of parliamentarism, related to limitation of the omnipotence of the monarch, but also by subsequent developments, especially in the generalization of universal suffrage, but also by the historical experience of the previous century, when the collapse of totalitarian or authoritarian regimes has always been followed by the return to parliamentarism or to a political system in which Parliament’s role is essential. After joining the European Union, its role was enhanced by its involvement in the European decision-making process by means of monitoring the compliance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality of the proposed EU legislation or of the implementation of directives into national law.

In this article, the authors deal with the issue of the use of the tax stamps, revenue stamps or special regime standard forms. The authors describe the legal framework, the implications of the non-compliant use of the tax stamps, revenue stamps or special regime standard forms, and identify, at the same time, certain legislation inconsistencies and doubts, and also in some incrimination texts. At the end of the article, one identifies possible remedy solutions of the findings, by also making references to certain de lege ferenda proposals.

The execution of the warrant represents an essential element in the activity of the police bodies, which must make all efforts so as to arrest the convict. Throughout the article, the author describes the main controversies in the legal practice in relation to this area of activity, also making a critical examination of the legal provisions included in the current Penal Procedure Code, as well as in the new Penal Procedure Code.