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The new Romanian Civil Procedure Code has the indisputable merit of rebalancing the relationship between parties and courts, as well as dynamising the settlement of civil disputes. From both these perspectives, provisions of Article 200 of the Civil Procedure Code, pertaining to the check and regularisation of application for summons, mark a specific stage of solving some of the „prior” issues. Some of these not only notable but even surprising provisions will be further discussed. -
The new regulation pertaining to business administration in the new Romanian Civil Code, much more detailed than the previous one, springs from the Civil Code of Québec. In Québec, the relevant legal framework provides for an original configuration of this source of obligations, imposing on it the condition of opportunity of the administration actions initiated by the administrator. Subject to this regulation are also the effects of inopportune administration, which aims at restoring the advantage brought to the person administered, without stating the legal grounds of such obligation, aspect which triggers questions to which this paper intends to answer, visiting, among others, other codification proposals on the law of obligations and relevant doctrine in this matter. At the same time, a theoretical definition is laid down for business administration, more nuanced than those elaborated after the new Romanian Civil Code has taken effect, definition which tends to be closer to the meaning of the new normative provisions.
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This paper presents the meaning of the term „assets” in Article 535 of the Civil Code and, at the same time, highlights its incorrect use in some of the other texts of the Civil Code and other statutory instruments, in disagreement with the new terminological option. Likewise, it raises a discussion on the lack, within the Civil Code, of a minimum of general rules dedicated to „common assets”, irrespective of their nature, quality of holders and source of community. Finally, following the presentation of negative consequences of the reported shortcomings, some legal remedies are proposed.
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Company contract has been a complex issue under the Civil Code of 1864 and the Commercial Code of 1887, and continues to be so under the Romanian Civil Code of 2009. Since rules pertaining to company contract under previous statutes became obsolete and ill-adapted to practical needs and realities, an update was severely necessary in order to tune it with the alert pace of modern legal relations and EU norms. This paper presents the legal definition of company contract under the new Romanian Civil Code, with its advantages and disadvantages, which distinguish it from other types of contracts. Given the monistic approach of the new Civil Code, presently the contract of company is the common law of company law, Articles 1881–1948 of the Civil Code being subsidiarily applied to all companies enumerated by Article 1888 of the Civil Code. In this context, this study analyses the special requirements of Law No 31/1990, considered as a special rule in relation to the general provisions of the Civil Code.
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The author analyses some specific features of the claim for compensation brought by private persons injured by unlawful administrative acts of authority or by public authorities’ refusal to solve claims concerning rights and legitimate interests of citizens. The claim for compensation has an accessory and subsidiary character in relation to the main claim for the annulment of the administrative act of authority, the repair of the damage being conditioned by the annulment of the act or by the obligation of the public authority to solve the claim of the private person. The study points out that the accessoriality relationship between the claim for compensation and the main claim bears consequences with regard to the jurisdiction of administrative courts.
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This paper enumerates and analyses the main sources of the Romanian fiscal law.
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A systematic analysis of relevant provisions of Law No 554/2004 on administrative disputes, Civil Procedure Code and Law No 192/2006 on mediation and organisation of the profession of mediator takes the author of this paper to the firm conclusion that in administrative disputes regulated by Law No 554/2004 mediation shall not be applied, but only the prior procedure provided by Article 7 of the Law No 554/2004.
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Granting the potential contribution period for establishing the invalidity pension of persons classified within the 1st or 2nd invalidity degree who have lost their capacity to work due to common illnesses or accidents, not related to work, is currently conditioned by the obligation to complete a contribution period „in relation to age, provided in Table No 3” of the Law No 263/2010. The author considers that this provision, laid down in Article 76 (1) of the Law No 263/2010 on the unitary system of public pensions (as revised through Law No 37/2013), is unconstitutional as it is contrary to considerations made by the Constitutional Court in its Decision No 680/2012.
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The article presents the characteristics of the civil action in criminal proceedings, points out the active and passive subjects of the legal action, and concludes that the civil liability insurer may not be obliged, in criminal proceedings, either jointly with the defendant or directly, to pay civil compensations to victims of road traffic accidents.
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Based on historical considerations this paper analyses the need for a codification in the area of contraventions and argues in its favour. Taking stock of current issues revealed by relevant legislation and case-law, concrete suggestions are made with regard to the structure and provisions of such a statutory instrument. The author appreciates that a vigorous doctrinal debate would be needed in order to identify the best legal options.
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Given the fact that „the annual EU budget incurs losses over 500 million euros due to fraud”1 establishing a European Public Prosecutor’s Office in order to combat offences that affect the financial interests of the European Union is deemed as a necessity. The difficulty of conducting cross-border investigations by national judicial bodies and the deficiencies of the international judicial cooperation in criminal matters require the creation of such an authority with exclusive jurisdiction in conducting acts of criminal investigation, prosecution and bringing to justice of those who are guilty of committing specific offences that affect the financial interests of the European Union.
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Prin Sentința penală nr. 2751/20121 a Judecătoriei Timișoara, Secția penală, definitivă prin Decizia penală nr. 233/R/20132 a Curții de Apel Timișoara, Secția penală, inculpatul M.N. a fost condamnat pentru săvârșirea infracțiunilor de nerespectare a regimului armelor și munițiilor prevăzută în art. 279 alin. 31 C.pen. și ultraj contra bunelor moravuri și tulburarea ordinii și liniștii publice prevăzută în art. 321 alin. 1 și alin. 2 C.pen., infracțiuni săvârșite în concurs ideal. (Curtea de Apel Timișoara, Secția penală, Decizia penală nr. 233/R din 19 februarie 2013)
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Știința juridică românească din ultimii 60 de ani este marcată major de activitatea desfășurată de Institutul de Cercetări Juridice al Academiei Române (în continuare denumit ICJ sau Institutul). Într-adevăr, creat într-o anumită conjunctură istorică, acesta a reprezentat prima „instituționalizare” a acțiunii de cercetare științifică a dreptului în țara noastră, și-a cucerit rolul de „centru” național de desfășurare și coordonare în domeniu, iar prin performanțele și rezultatele obținute s-a manifestat ca lider absolut în materie, beneficiind de contribuția fondatoare a unor personalități remarcabile ale științei dreptului românesc, precum Traian Ionașcu, Vintilă Dongoroz, Mihail Eliescu, Salvador Brădeanu, Eugen A. Barasch, Petre Anca, Yolanda Eminescu ș.a.
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Verificarea respectării normelor de competență se realizează atât de instanța învestită cu judecarea litigiului, la cererea părților sau din oficiu, cât și pe calea controlului judiciar, de către instanțele superioare învestite cu judecarea căilor de atac. În acest din urmă caz, hotărârea instanței de control judiciar prin care se statuează cu privire la competența unei instanțe de a soluționa litigiul este obligatorie, atât timp cât aceasta este irevocabilă.
